The effect of trans arterial chemoembolization in the management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. A systematic review and meta-analysis
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The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of soft tissue sarcomas
Summary Soft tissue sarcomas include all sarcomas except those that arise from bone, the pretext giving the tissue of origin thus: leiomyo-sarcoma (for sarcomas arising from smooth muscle), neurofibro-sarcoma (for those arising from neural sheaths), fibro-sarcoma (for those arising from fibrous cells – and malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a variant …
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The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of oesophageal cancer
Summary The oesophagus is the muscular tube that connects the bottom of the neck with the stomach, carrying food though the chest. The muscles in the tube push lumps of chewed food downward. The cells lining the oesophagus are mainly squamous cells, which are flat. However, the cells in the bottom part of the oesophagus …
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The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer
Summary There are several types of lung cancer, distinguished by the appearance under the microscope. The two main types are non small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. The sub type of small cell lung cancer is important to recognise separately as the as the management of this …
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The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of stomach cancer (gastric cancer)
Summary The stomach is like a bag lined with muscle and glandular cells, and is the first place chewed food goes to after it has been chewed and swallowed. It produces acidic juices from its lining to start off the digestive process. The vast majority of stomach cancers arise from …
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The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours
Summary Gliomas arise from the glial (supporting) cells of the brain. They are not derived from the neurones (nerve cells) themselves. These are the commonest primary brain tumours. There are three types of glioma: the commonest is the astrocytoma, followed by the ependymoma and the oligodendroglioma, each one gaining its …
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The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of uterine cancer
Summary This tumour is almost always an adenocarcinoma; the term adenocarcinoma refers to a cancer which arises from lining cells, this time those that line the uterine cavity. Occasionally there are other types of carcinoma that may arise from the endometrium and sometimes there may be a mix; squamous architecture …
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The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer
Summary Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in European males, with a lifetime risk approaching 10%. It is predominantly a disease of older men. The usual type of prostate cancer is an adenocarcinoma and this arises from the cells that line the secretory ducts of the prostate. A …
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The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Summary Lymphomas arise from malignant clones of lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are a normal part of the peripheral blood population of circulating white cells and normally serve the functions of immune protection and inflammatory responses to foreign (or self) antigens. They are derived from progenitor cells in the bone marrow and the lymph …
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The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of kidney cancer
Summary The usual type of kidney (renal) cancer is a carcinoma. (Rarely, lymphomas and sarcomas occur).The commonest type is the clear cell type and this is the one associated with VHL (Von Hippel Lindau) gene mutations. However, a significant minority of cancers are of the papillary type and another subset …
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